Pdf on jul 31, 2015, dean gregurek and others published lead and zinc. Te9701 remediation of metalscontaminated soils and groundwater i foreword about gwrtac the groundwater remediation technologies analysis center gwrtac is a national. Flow chart for the pyrometallurgical extraction of nickel. As an example, zinc ore concentrate includes several metals, such as indium, defined as a critical metal by the european. Principles of extractive metallurgy rakes h kumar email. Pyrometallurgy follows one or more of the following processes.
Pdf pyrometallurgical treatment of eaf dust to extract. The horizontal and vertical retort processes and electrothermal process were used in the past for zinc production but have become obsolete due to high power consumption and low recovery. General principles of production of metals by pyrometallurgy. Thermodynamic considerations for a pyrometallurgical extraction of. Jun 16, 2015 pyrometallurgical extraction of valuable elements in nimetal hydride battery electrode materials. Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of slags from the pyrometallurgical extraction of zinc and lead. The pyrometallurgical recovery of zinc from both ash and dust samples was carried out, and parameters affecting recovery processes such as time, temperature, and flux percentage were studied.
This was the driving force behind the search for a new pyrometallurgical zinc refining technology, as it was felt that the enviroplas process coupled with a new refining technology would address the manganese issues, would be electrically powered, and would be environmentally acceptable. In most instances, both phases are molten such as the matte and slag in a conventional copper smelting operation. Zinc ores typically may contain from 3 to 11 percent zinc, along with cadmium, copper, lead, silver, and iron. Zinc concentration is in the range of 4060%, with sulfur content in sulfidic ores in the range of 2634%. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. The most important operations are roasting, smelting, and refining. Introduction to the techniques used to refine gold, silver, platinum, palladium and other platinum group metal ore and scrap metal using pyrometallurgy.
Roasting, or heating in air without fusion, transforms sulfide ores into oxides, the sulfur escaping as sulfur dioxide, a gas. Primary metal production pyrometallurgy deals with chemical reactions at high temperatures ranging from 100c up to 3000c. The slags derived from the fire refining of lead bullion, differ distinctly in the mineral composition, which results from the fact that these slags are end products of a series of chemical reactions of both reduction and oxidation. Natural leaching from ancient pyrometallurgical zinc sites has contaminated the soil closed to the deposits. Pyrometallurgy is a branch of extractive metallurgy. Zinc smelting has historically been more difficult than the smelting of other metals, e. Review of hydrometallurgical recovery of zinc from industrial. Lead bullion contains many other metallic impurities including antimony, arsenic, copper, tin and zinc. Pyrometallurgy, extraction and purification of metals by processes involving the application of heat. Extraction of zinc application of zinc refining process. As such, zinc in every process discussed thus far is recovered as a crude zno, usually slightly contaminated by iron. Zinc recovery focused pyrometallurgical extraction processes.
Recovery of zinc and manganese from pyrometallurgy sludge by hydrometallurgical processing article in journal of cleaner production 168 september 2017 with 128 reads how we measure reads. Pyrometallurgical removal of zinc from basic oxygen. The contribution of the milling, smelting, and refining of sulfide ores to hg emissions and to hg byproduction is not adequately quantified in a global context. Pyrometallurgical extraction involves several processes such as. Primary metal production michigan technological university. Finally, electrometallurgy employs electrical energy to extract and refine metals. One of the reasons is that there are a number of metallic products, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, etc.
Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce products able to be sold such as pure metals, or. There are two methods of zinc extraction 1 pyrometallurgy. The feedstock for the process is a mixture of zinc lead concentrates. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. The extraction of zinc from sulphide minerals is carried out by two approaches. Ppt extraction metallurgy powerpoint presentation free to.
Zinc uses extraction of zinc sources of zinc pyrometallurgical extraction of zinc horizontal retort reduction vertical retort reduction hydrometallurgical extraction of zinc imperial smelting process isp production of other metals by isp lead recovery precious metals recovery copper recovery arsenic, antimony, and bismuth recovery tin recovery. The treatment produces saleable products metals or intermediate compoundsalloys impure metals for further processing refining. The most commonly available ore used in the extraction of zinc is called zinc blende also known as zinc sulphide zns. Lead concentrations can be 5070%, and the sulfur content of sulfidic ores is in the range of 1520%. Pyrometallurgical processes for recovering metals from various waste materials have been. As a leading global manufacturer of crushing, grinding and mining equipments, we offer advanced, reasonable solutions for any sizereduction requirements including, flow chart for the pyrometallurgical extraction of nickel from nickel sulphide, quarry, aggregate, and different kinds of minerals.
Pyrometallurgical process an overview sciencedirect topics. Zinc smelting is the process of converting zinc ores into pure zinc. The extraction of zinc from sulphide minerals is carried out by two. Pyrometallurgy is the principal and oldest branch of metallurgy. Recovery of zinc and manganese from pyrometallurgy sludge by. Rabah and elsayed, 1995 stressed the importance of particle size for metal recovery from dry cell battery, zinc dross and zinc ash using pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes.
Expired lifetime application number inventor derham leslie jack. Scale up of pyrometallurgical processes in the extraction of. The second is that the technical routes for a metals extraction may be rather different one from another due to the differences in. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed. Leaching zn from the lowgrade zinc oxide ore in nh c h o. Gold extraction by chlorination using a pyrometallurgical process. The situation in the recovery of metals from pyrometallurgy slags is more complicated than that from ironmaking and steelmaking slags. Oct 29, 2011 pyro metallurgical extraction of zinc presently about 15 20% of the worlds zinc production comes from pyrometallurgical route. Historically extraction of zinc has been more difficult than extraction of other metals because at temperatures where metals such as iron typically begins to melt, zinc is a gas. Removal of copper copper is the first of the impurities to be removed. Pyrometallurgical extraction of valuable elements in nimetal.
Pdf pyrometallurgical treatment of eaf dust to extract zinc. The zinc oxide remains in the slag phase and the slag is subsequently treated by adding coal to reduce the zinc oxide to metallic zinc. Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of slags from. The metallic zinc is removed by vaporization because of its low boiling point 707 1c.
It consists of the thermal treatment of minerals and metallurgical ores and concentrates to bring about physical and chemical transformations in the materials to enable recovery of valuable metals. The pyrometallurgical process is suitable for iron ore, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, tin, and tungsten. Sep 15, 2014 introduction to the techniques used to refine gold, silver, platinum, palladium and other platinum group metal ore and scrap metal using pyrometallurgy. Technical note gold extraction by chlorination using a pyrometallurgical process m. Flow chart for the pyrometallurgical extraction of nickel from nickel sulphide products. Beneficiation, or the concentration of the zinc in the recovered ore, is accomplished. Pyrometallurgy article about pyrometallurgy by the free.
In the case of the isf, the zinc oxide is simultaneously reduced with the lead oxide by carbon monoxide. Tables 61 and 62 provide capsule summaries of these processes. All of the abovementioned processes have focused principally on the removal of zinc from an iron product to allow for the iron to be recovered through steelmaking. May 02, 20 scientific principles, however, form a common basis, in processing of ores, extraction basically, all extraction processes involve separation of a desired phase from.
Remediation of metalscontaminated soils and groundwater. This presentation describes the pyrometallurgical processes used to extract lithium from spodumene and zinnwaldite lithium mica. Ancient pyrometallurgical zinc generated large amounts of slags. A cyclic, twostage process is disclosed for pyrometallurgical recovery of copper as a highgrade matte from molten slag material containing both dissolved andor entrained copper values. In this study, we estimate hg emissions from the pyrometallurgical treatment of cu, pb, and zn sulfide ores. We base our calculations on quantities processed and hg content in cu, pb, and zn concentrates, derived from unique global. From ancient times until the end of the 19th century the production of metals made almost exclusive use of pyrometallurgical processes. Large amounts of zinc ash and flue dust, containing more than 80% zinc, are accumulated during galvanization processes at the surface of molten zinc bath and in the chimney, respectively. Pyrometallurgical extraction of zinc and lead us ing the imperial smelting process isp is based on the reduction of roasted znpb concentrate with coke at c in a shaft furnace. Such stateoftheart integrated smelters and refineries isr can extract valuable metals. Zinc is mainly extracted from sulphide ores, oxide concentrates, silicates and zincous wastes. Pyrometallurgical refining of precious metals part 1.
Download pyrometallurgical extraction of zinc pdf files. Department of applied geology, faculty of mining, safety engineering and industrial automation, silesian university of technology, ul. But, for zinc and copper there are both the options of pyrometallurgy and more detailed. The pyrometallurgical processing of galvanizing zinc ash and. Pyrometallurgical treatment of eaf dust to extract zinc metal. Global emission and production of mercury during the.
Pdf this chapter highlights key aspects of pyrometallurgy. Zinccontaining batteries can be recycled by pyrometallurgical processes since the boiling points of. The parameters studied are carbon stoichiometry, ratio of sodium carbonate, sodium nitrate added, temperature and time of. Barrera, 1992 treated electric arc furnace dust eafd for the recovery of zinc following pyrohydrometallurgical method. Recovery of zinc and manganese from pyrometallurgy sludge. In this paper, the kinetics of extraction process of tin metal from egyptian cassiterite concentrate using the alkaline molten salts as fluxing agents as well as the mechanism of reduction process were investigated. Pyrometallurgical techniques the lead bullion is fed into a refining kettle. It also discusses the typical test work conducted and how the data, combined with lessons learnt from recently built plants, is being used to guide the design of. The most common phases included in the refining slags are sulphates and hydrated sulphates anglesite, gypsum, ktenasite and namuvite, oxides and hydroxides.
The gas phase may also be used to advantage, either as a means of separating valuable volatile constituents or for removing unwanted volatile impurities. Us4032327a pyrometallurgical recovery of copper from slag. These reactions involve numerous different solids, liquids, and gases, and are carried out using many diverse types of furnaces. Electrokinetic removal technology was adopted to treat this slags.